PILING WORK IN DETAIL

  PILING

1.       Type  Of   Piles  To  Be  Deployed

This  would  depend upon the site conditions.  For  a  particular project, piles  may  be  pre-cast  or  cast-in-situ  depending  upon  the site requirements.  Geotechnical  investigations  are carried  out to find soil strata before start of any piling work.

2.       Setting out for Piling  Works

Bench mark and  reference   axes shall  be furnished  for the work and positions of  piles accurately located as per drawings. 

3.       Materials For Casting Piles

Cement,  water,  aggregates  and  reinforcement  are  the  main  materials  deployed   for  piling work. 

4.   Cement 

Portland pozzolana cement conforming to IS 1489 with C3A (tri-calcium  aluminate)  content below 7% shall be used for piling. Concreting  should  be  done  to  grade M 250  such that cement content will not be less than that mentioned in specifications. Water-cement ratio, including water-content in aggregates, shall be limited to 0.50.  The slump of concrete shall be 125  to 175 mm in order that concrete can be placed/dropped into place properly.

5.   Water 

Water used for concrete work shall be clean and free from deleterious acids, alkalis  or organic materials.

6.   Aggregates

  Maximum size of coarse aggregate used for piling shall be 20mm.

7.     Reinforcement

 All reinforcement used in piling works shall be of tested steel.  The same shall be fabricated and put in place as per drawings. Longitudinal main reinforcement bars shall be of complete lengths and, where this is not possible, separate lengths shall be spliced or butt welded.

8.        Cube  Tests  of Concrete  used  for Casting Pile

 Six  cubes shall  be drawn for each day’s concreting and/or for every  25 piles   cast  for 7-day and 28-day  compressive  strength tests.

9.       Pile  shoes  for  precast  piles

  Driven piles are  provided with either flat or conical cast iron shoes at the bottom for protecting  the top of the pile during driving in hard ground. The area of the top of the shoes shall be such that the stress in the concrete in this part of the pile  is  within the safe limits.

10.       Checklist  for  Casting  and Driving  of  pre-cast  piles 

ENGG / FR / 08
Work-site:
Check  List  For  Casting & Driving  Of  Pre-Cast  Piles       Report No:                                                                            Dated:
Sr No	Parameter				Observation
1	Job  for  which  piles  are  required
2	Drawing  number
3	Pile  group number
4	Pile  number
5	Pile  capacity  in tonnes
6	Length  of  pile in  meters
7	Check formwork of pile
8	Check reinforcement of pile
9	Check concrete mix
10	Check maximum size of aggregate
11	Check brand and type of cement
12	Check number of concrete test cubes taken
13	Check curing period required
14	Safe date of lifting the pile
15	Whether  vertical  or  raker  type  of  pile
16	Actual  rake  in  mm
17	Pile diameter  in  mm
18	Pile  length  in meters
19	Mark  and  check center-line of  bore
20	Cut-off  elevation  at  pile top
21	Ground  elevation
22	Time of starting  boring
23	Time of completing  boring
24	Method  of  boring
25	Length, in  meters, of casting  if  used
26	Length  of boring  in  soil, in  meters
26	Length  of boring  in  founding  stratum  of  rock, in  meters
28	Depth  at  commencement  of chiseling, in meters
29	Type of  chisel  deployed
30	Weight   of  chisel  deployed, in  Kgm
31	Drop  of  chisel, in meters
32	Number  of  blows  of  chisel
33	Elevation  at  start  of  chiseling
34	Elevation  at  completion  of  chiseling
35	Penetration  in metres
36	Strata  at pile  bottom
37	Check  and  confirm  pile lowering and  centering in position in  position
38	Check  grouting  mix
39	Check  suitability  of  sand
40	Check  water-cement  ratio
41	Check  and note  grout pressure  in  Kg/ sq.cm.
42	Time  of  starting  grouting
43	Time  of  completing  grouting
44	Grout  consumption    in  cum
45	Check  deviation, in  mm,  in  pile  alignment  and  positioning after grouting.
46	Check  whether  pile  has  been  cut-off  at  the  correct  level
47	Length  of  pile to  be  built-up, in meters
Other  comments
Contractor’s  Engineer:				Site  Engineer:

11.       Checklist  For  Bored  Cast-In-Situ  Piles 

ENGG / FR / 09			T
Work-site:
Check  List  For  Bored  Cast-In-Situ  Piles                        Report No.           Dated:
Sr No	Parameter				Observation
1	Job  for  which  piles  are  required
2	Area / Location
3	Drawing  number
4	Pile  group number
5	Pile  number
6	Pile  capacity  in tonnes
7	Total  number of  piles  in the group
8	Number of  piles  cast  in the group
9	Whether  vertical  or  raker  type  of  pile
10	Actual  rake  in  mm
11	Pile diameter  in  mm
12	Pile  length  in meters
13	Mark  and  check center-line of  bore
14	Bore  diameter  in  mm
15	Method  of  boring
16	Bore  length  in  soil, in meters
17	Bore  length  in  founding  stratum, in  metres
18	Depth  at  commencement  of  chiseling, in meters
19	Type  of  chisel  deployed
20	Weight  of  chisel deployed, in  Kgm
21	Drop  of  chisel, in meters
22	Rate  of  chiseling
23	Number of blows
24	Elevation  at  commencement  of  chiseling
25	Elevation  at  end of  chiseling
26	Penetration, in meters
26	Elevation  at  pile  bottom
28	Elevation  at  pile  cut-off
29	Elevation  at  ground  level
30	Strata  at  pile  tip
31	Check  details  of  reinforcement  cage
32	Check  placement  and  centering  of  reinforcement  cage
33	Check  brand  type  of  cement  used
34	Check  maximum  size  of  aggregate
35	Check  mix  of  concrete
36	Check  water-cement  ratio
37	Length  of  pile  concreted, in meters
38	Number of concrete  test  cubes  taken
39	Check  marking  of  concrete  test  cubes
40	Method  of  concreting  of  pile
41	Volume  of  pile concreted, in cum.
Other  comments
Contractor’s  Engineer:				Site  Engineer: