1) Water
Supply, Drainage And Sanitation
Water supply, drainage and sanitation form
the main components
of normal plumbing
work on a
housing project.
2) General
Requirements For Buildings
All premises intended for human
habitation, occupancy or use shall be provided with the supply of potable water
which is neither connected with unsafe water supply nor subject to the
hazards of backflow or back-siphonage.
Plumbing fixtures, devices and
appurtenances shall be supplied with water in sufficient volume and at pressure
adequate to enable them to function satisfactorily under all normal conditions of use.
Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted
to use the minimum quantity of water consistent with proper performance
and cleaning.
Devices for heating and storing water shall be so designed
and installed as to prevent dangers from explosion through overheating.
Every
building having plumbing fixtures installed and intended for human habitation
occupancy or use on-premises abutting on a street alley or easement in which
there is a public sewer, shall have connection with
the sewer.
3) Water Supply
Requirements
Water requirements for drainage and sanitation
for residences and buildings are given below:
|
Type of building
|
Daily per
capita consumption ( Litres)
|
|
Residential
|
135
|
|
Offices
|
45
|
4) Drainage
And Sanitation Requirements
There shall be at least one water tap and arrangements for drainage in
the vicinity of each water closet
or group of water closets in all buildings.
5) Gradients And Pipe
Sizes
Sewers shall be designed for
discharging three times the dry weather flow flowing half-full with a minimum
self-cleansing velocity of 0.75m/sec. The approximate gradients which give this
velocity for sizes of pipes likely to be used in building drainage and the corresponding discharges
when flowing half-full are as follows:
|
Sr.
No.
|
Pipe diameter
(mm)
|
Gradient
|
Discharge
(cum / min)
|
|
1
|
100
|
1
in 57
|
0.18
|
|
2
|
150
|
1 in
100
|
0.42
|
|
3
|
200
|
1 in
145
|
0.73
|
|
4
|
230
|
1 in
175
|
0.93
|
|
5
|
250
|
1 in
195
|
1.10
|
|
6
|
300
|
1 in
250
|
1.10
|
In cases, where it is practically
not possible to conform to the ruling gradients, a more
flat gradient may
be used but the minimum velocity in such cases
shall, on no account,
be less than 0.61 m/sec. It is undesirable to employ gradients which result
in velocities greater than 2.4m/sec.
The approximate gradients which
give a velocity of 2.4 m/sec. for the various sizes of pipes and the
corresponding discharge when flowing half-full are as follows:
|
Sr No
|
Pipe diameter
(mm)
|
Gradient
|
Discharge
(cum / min)
|
|
1
|
100
|
1
in 5.6
|
0.59
|
|
2
|
150
|
1
in 9.7
|
1.32
|
|
3
|
200
|
1 in
14.0
|
2.40
|
|
4
|
230
|
1 in
17.0
|
2.98
|
|
5
|
250
|
1 in
19.0
|
3.60
|
|
6
|
300
|
1 in
24.5
|
5.30
|
The discharge values corresponding to nominal
diameter and gradient given in above-mentioned tables
are based on Manning’s Formula
(n=0.015).
Minimum Pipe
Size
Minimum size of pies shall be 100
MM. The sizes of pipes shall be decided in relation to the estimated quantity
of flow and the available gradient.
6) Choice Of Materials
For Pipes
Drainage pipes
may be made
of salt-glazed stoneware, cement
concrete, cast iron, asbestos cement, lead, unplasticized PVC or high
density polyethylene.
7) Salt-Glazed Stone Ware Pipes
For sewers and drains, glazed
stoneware pipes shall be used, as far as possible, in preference to other types
of pipes. These pipes are suitable where acidic effluents or acidic subsoil conditions are likely to be encountered.
IS 651-1971 gives specifications for
salt-glazed stoneware pipes.
8) Cement Concrete
Pipes
Cement concrete pipes with spigot and socket or collar
joins are a good alternative to salt
glazed stoneware sewers over 150 mm in diameter.
However, these are not be
used to carry acid effluents or sewage under conditions conducive to production of hydrogen sulfide and shall not be laid in those subsoils which are likely to adversely
affect the quality or strength of
concrete.
Cement concrete water pipes conforming to IS: 458-1971 maybe
used for surface water drains in all diameters. Life of cement concrete pipe may be increased by lining
inside of the pipe by suitable coatings like epoxy/ polyester resins etc.
9) Cast Iron
Pipes
Cast iron pipes, conforming to IS 1536-1967 and IS 1537-1960, shall be
used in the following situations :
Ø In unstable ground where soil movement is expected,
Ø In made-up ground
Ø In conditions where increased strength is required for a sewer laid at
insufficient depth or where it is exposed or where it has to be carried on piers or above ground.
Ø In conditions where pipes have to be suspended on below
ceilings of floor
slabs.
However, even when given a protective paint coating is given to cast iron pipes, these are liable to severe external corrosion in certain soils such as
soils permeated by peaty waters and soils in which the subsoil contains appreciable concentration of sulfates. Suitable external wrapping of the pipes may be resorted to as an adequate
safeguard.
10)
Asbestos Cement
Pipes
Asbestos cement pipes conforming
to IS 1626-1960 are commonly used for house drainage systems and are not
recommended for underground situations or where encasement is to be done.
11) Lead Pipes
Soil, waste and anti-siphonage pipes which branch from fittings to main stacks may be of lead and
must conform to IS 404-1962.
12) Unplasticised PVC
Pipe
Pipes conforming to IS 4905 - 1968 may be used for drainage purposes.
However, where hot water discharge is anticipated, wall thickness should be at
least 3mm irrespective of the size and flow load.
13 High Density
Polyethylene Pipes
High-density polyethylene pipes and fittings shall conform to IS 4984-1972
and IS 8008-1976 for use in potable water supply.
14) Building
Inserts For Drainage Pipes
Drainage pipes shall be kept clear of all other services. Provision
shall be made during the construction of the building for the entry
of drainage pipes. In most cases, this may be done conveniently
by building sleeves or conduit pipes into or under the structure in appropriate positions. This will facilitate
the installation and maintenance of the services.
15) Manholes
At every change of alignment, gradient or diameter of a drain, there
shall be a manhole or inspection
chamber. The maximum distance between
manholes shall be 30 m. Inspection chambers shall be such size as will allow
necessary examination or
clearance of drains. The minimum internal sizes and
wall thicknesses of chambers shall be in as follows :
|
Sr No
|
Depth (mm)
|
Minimum internal
dimensions (mm x
mm)
|
Minimum wall
thickness (mm)
|
|
1
|
Upto 1000
|
800 x 800
|
200
|
|
2
|
1000
to 1500
|
1200 x
900
|
200
|
|
3
|
Above 1500
|
1200 x
900 or
1400 dia
|
300
|
Thicknesses of
base concrete for chambers of different depths shall be as follows :
|
Sr No
|
Depth
(mm)
|
Thickness of
base
concrete (mm)
|
|
1
|
Upto 1000
|
150
|
|
2
|
1000 to
2000
|
200
|
|
3
|
Above 2000
|
300
|
16) Check List
For Piping Work
|
ENGG /
FR /
|
|
|
|
Work-site:
|
|
|
Check List
For Piping Work Report No: Dated:
|
|
|
Sr No
|
Parameter
|
Observation
|
|
1
|
Job
|
|
|
2
|
Contractor
|
|
|
3
|
Type of pipe specified
|
|
|
4
|
Check
the brand of pipes
|
|
|
5
|
Location and
use
|
|
|
6
|
Check quality
of material
|
|
|
7
|
Check dimensions
|
|
|
8
|
Check level / gradient / alignment
|
|
|
9
|
Check
the bedding of pipes
|
|
|
10
|
Check joint
as specified
|
|
|
11
|
Check
the brand of solvent used to fix pipes
|
|
|
12
|
Check fittings
and specials
|
|
|
13
|
Check hydraulic test at 1.5 times
normal head
|
|
|
14
|
Check
the wrapping of hessian with a bitumen coating to pipes
|
|
|
15
|
Check
the wrapping of insulating thread for pipes carrying hot water
|
|
|
16
|
Check
the outlets for all spouts as per tile module
|
|
|
17
|
Check
that after completion of work all the outlets are closed to prevent any
material to enter in the pipes
|
|
|
18
|
Proper
closing of chased portion after alignment is done
|
|
|
19
|
Check painting
|
|
|
20
|
Check supports
|
|
|
Other comments :
|
|
|
Contractor’s Engineer:
|
Site Engineer:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17) Check List
For Manholes And
Inspection Chambers
|
ENGG /
FR /
|
|
|
|
Work-site:
|
|
|
Check List
For Manholes and Inspection
Chambers
Report No:
Dated:
|
|
|
Sr No
|
Parameter
|
Observation
|
|
1
|
Job
|
|
|
2
|
Contractor
|
|
|
3
|
Type of
manhole specified
|
|
|
4
|
Location and
use
|
|
|
5
|
Size specified
|
|
|
6
|
Type and quality of
cover
|
|
|
7
|
Check masonry
|
|
|
8
|
Check plastering
|
|
|
9
|
Check levels
of incoming and outgoing pipes
|
|
|
10
|
Check rungs
|
|
|
11
|
Check finish
level
|
|
|
Other comments :
|
|
|
Contractor’s Engineer:
|
Site Engineer:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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